On this chart, north of the Maritime Alps, the fortifications are represented by black spots.
Before 1940 the Franco-Italian border passes to the top of the village of St Martin-Vésubie and goes down again towards the valley of Tinée. Although no motor-road exists then between this part of the department of the Alps Maritimes and Italy, of the enemy infiltrations being to fear the CORF studies, since 1927, the possibility of building an artillery work with Rimplas.
Other military constructions of infantry (forts, casemates, outposts, blockhouse) then come to be articulated around Rimplas and form, in 1940 the Under-Sector of Tinée.
Fressinéa is one of these forts of infantry, it protects the left side from Rimplas.
Rise towards the reserves. They are elevated compared to the remainder of the fort so that the food of the water points is done by simple gravity.
In front of the general reserves, two small tanks are used one as decanter and the other of carbochlorator to return drinking water before use.
Some of the multiple valves of management of water.
The gallery of access to the quartering of strong forms an elbow defended by a FM. The "yellow" sheath (upper part of the gallery) led to an extractor of foul air.
The FM of interior defense are provided with a "bag" of recovery of the empty étuits (visible under FM). Here, by spirit of convenience, FM is exposed on a base and well is thus not positioned in its crenel. The lamp of foreground is not a "lamp of help of fort" but a lamp of outpost of the Maginot Line.
Lateral road of the active casemate.
Overall picture of the kitchen. The cooker with coal is imposing because it is also used as boiler for the central heating of the fort.
The part "boiler" is visible above on the photograph where one sees one of the sheathed white heat insulator pipes, behind the discharge pipe of smoke. The surge tank of the circuit of central heating is located in the radio operator room, with the top of the kitchen (photo below).
Back kitchen with the side "plunges" on the right and the scheme of work on the left. On the scheme of work the coffee machine is of time. The bottom of the kitchen constitutes a projection compared to the frontage of entry of the fort, which makes it possible to place a FM of defense of the entry. A scale gives access the room transmissions optics and radio operator located at the top of the unit.
The reserve day labourer of water, for the kitchen, is in end of casemate, with the top of the rack with spices.
Certain cookers were transformed, before war, to function with the gas oil or electricity. Not in Fressinea where low fuel consumption did not give any emergency character to the transformation.
Scale of access. The ventilation duct, green, leads the air since outside to the room of neutralization. At the end of the scale one sees the supports of cases of ammunition for the FM of bell.
Outside of the GFM. On the right, in the foreground, one distinguishes "mushroom" from the air intake armor-plated.
Room for 30 men (only 20 places of bed because there is, permanently, 10 men of service who thus do not need bed)
The presence of a source in the content of the room makes very difficult the dehumidification of this room.
Currently it misses the beds; 2 bunk beds for the two pennies/officers who are not service.
Sight of the two ventilators pulsating the air in quartering. The first (foreground) is used for "normal" ventilation and the second for ventilation "air gazé".
The two filters neutralize poison gases of the air coming from outside (green sheath). A by-pass (in white on the photograph below) makes it possible to use the powerful ventilator "air gazé" without passing by the filters when there is no attack with gases.
Another sight of the room of neutralization.
It ensures the communications as well inside the fort as with the external troops.
They are surmounted by a reserve day labourer of water making it possible to control the quantities used. Beside the wash-hand basins a urinal, judiciously installed there, avoids with the men the way to the latrines, with the entry of the fort.
Gallery leading to the rooms, the PC and the active casemate.
The commander of work has there, inter alia, are bed and his strong trunk (photo).
Gallery between the PC and the tight door giving access to the active casemate.
The forts of the Alps are connected between them by telephone, radio, and an optical system of transmission (as on the boats). This optical system, abandoned after war, does not seem to have left traces in the parks of the Genius. Photograph: scale of access to the radio operator room.
Theoretically this room should be isolated from the remainder of the factory by a door firebreak and a stop valve of the circuit of extraction of the foul air. The valve - yellow is well places from there (at the top of the clock on the photograph below) but it seems that the door was never installed.
Above: current external sight; below: external sight before destruction, by the DDE, of the end of protection and fill of the ditch diamond (security issues says one!).
Entry seen of the door tight (above) and seen casemate (below).
JM of right-hand side and grenade chute (above) and outside of the crenel of the JM (below).
JM of left in its crenel. One sees the end of the anti-tank gun of 47 in unobtrusive position (on the left above) and outside of crenel JM/AC47 (below).
AC47 in unobtrusive position. Canon photographed in the fort of Ferté, while waiting for that Fressinea can obtain complete.
Case defense of the frontage (FM is presented vis-a-vis its crenel).
The imposing frontage (with contrepente compared to the border) is only one retaining wall of the relatively friable mountain at this place. The high chimney is the tailpipe of the generators; the low chimney is for the exit of the foul air.
The main door gives access to a narrow gallery. It is armoured, seals, and followed by another tight door making hopper.
Entry before restoration.
The groups are cooled by the water of this tank: 5000 liters which give a certain calorific absorption capacity. If, in the tank, overheating is too important, there is always possibility of renewing water since the fort is built on the level of a source. It is certainly the reason for which, contrary to the other forts of the Line Maginot, Fressinea does not have a aerorefroidissor (exchanging thermics which cools water by a draught expelled out of the fort: to some extent the equivalent of a radiator of car).
Anecdote: in 1940 the electrical engineer chief had installed his bed between the wall and the cistern; testimony collected by Mr. Bianco chair association of the "friends of Fressinea".
At the entry of the room of the latrines, an cell is reserved for the storage of the material of first aid. In Fressinea there is no infirmary.
Overall picture of the factory since the bottom of the casemate: two generators SMIM in the center, ventilation on the left.
Detail of the SMIM n°2 (2 cylinders), on the level of the cylinder head. One sees the long bars clearly connecting the camshaft (in bottom) with the tumblers (in top). The green pipes are those of starting to the compressed air.
Ventilation is not traditional in the sense that the group driving back (sheaths red), independent of the general air ventilation system, has very large sheaths whose section disproportionate is had regard to dimensions of the room to ventilate. Moreover this ventilation is coupled with a heat exchanger (see the box on the photograph below) which uses cooling water of the generators to heat to them... generators! Strange. The document of the SHAT, relating to the ventilation of Fressinea, does not give a report on the part "machines".
The fort has 2 latrines (on the left) on chemical pits with soda. As these last are blocked with acids, the such urines, a urinal is imperatively to use before passing in the cabins. The tank (in top) is the reserve day labourer of water for the urinal.
Chemical pits also blocking itself because of paper used (newspaper...), a panel recalls that it is necessary to exclusively use the paper provided by the Genius.
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General water reserves with two tanks of reserve, a tank of decantation and a tank of carbochloration. A source, close to the room to troop, recomplète permanently these reserves.
FM of interior defense.
Staff waiting room and reserve of materials.
General reserve of vivres.
Cook with a very large cooker with coal. At the bottom of the kitchen a FM beats the entry of the work and a scale gives access the radio operator room.
Reserve coal for the cooker.
Scale giving access the observatory (bell GFM).
Room on 2 levels of 10 beds. 20 beds for 30 men. 2/3 of the crew can sleep, 1/3 is of maltreatment. The men take their meals on folding shelves, vis-a-vis the beds.
Room for 3 warrant officers (2 bunk beds and a corner meal).
Room of neutralization of poison gases. Ventilators drive back the fresh air in all the fortress. When the air is gazé it passes as a preliminary in the two filters (red cylinders). [The ventilation ducts all were not represented not to overload the model].
General reserves of ammunition.
Telephone centre for the local calls and towards outside.
Surmounted wash-hand basin of its reserve day labourer of water. A urinal is installed with its with dimensions. Close to the urinal a space makes it possible to store filters (anti poison gas) of reserve.
Headquarters and room for the commander.
Room with radio and optical transmitter pointed on one of bells GFM of Rimplas. A "grenade chute" (in black) makes it possible to release grenades taken the pin out with the feet of the block.
Air intake, in the vicinity of the GFM (schematized into telegraphic).
Machine shop and reserve with gasole.
Casemate activates with, for the remote action, a crenel of JM/AC47 (anti-tank) [left] and a crenel of JM (anti-personnel) [right]. These two crenels protect a DMP (Permanent Device of Mine) intended to destroy the road side border. For the action brought closer the casemate is armed with a crenel to grenade FM and two chutes beating the ditch diamond. An armor-plated projector was to allow the shooting of night. But its study did not succeed and the crenel envisaged for this purpose, between the two JM, was stopped.
Entry. Carry armor-plated tight and footbridge crossing a ditch diamond, under the fire of a FM under concrete.
Cooling water of the generators.
Play the part of infirmary.
Generating factory. It allows autonomy in electrical energy produced by 2 groups (one under operation, the other in help). Each group has its reserve day labourer of gas oil (not red) and her bottle (black) of compressed air of starting. An air ventilation system (in red) regenerates the air.
Latrines. Room for 2 latrines (with Turkish).
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Maginot line. Fressinea (65eDI). Model. _ Model produced according to documents of various origins: SHAT, Bianco Henri, Truttmann Michel, B. and R.Cima ©2007.
0, - local Files;1, - General information;2,- Water reserves; 3,- FM; 24,- Latrines; 22,- rescue Station; 4,- Guard; 23,- generating Factory; 21,- Water for the groups; 18,- Workshop; 5,- Vivres; 7,- Coal; 6,- Kitchen; 16,- Radio; 11,- Room of ventilation; 8,- GFM (access); 17,- High of GFM; 14, - Wash-hand basin; 10, - Room s/o; 9, - Room of troop; 13, - Telephone centre; 15, - PC; 12, - Ammunition; 19, - active Casemate; 20, - Entry